Епідеміологічні тенденції щодо туберкульозу в Україні на початку пандемії CОVID­-19

Анотація

Objective — to examine the tendencies of the epidemiological situation on tuberculosis in Ukraine at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the data of official statistics in 2015—2020, a survey of 157 medical experts and a telephone questionnaire survey of 69 residents of the Volyn region.

Results and discussion. It was established that the disease of COVID-19 has found its imprint on the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis and on the functioning of the TB care service. In 2020, the rate of decline in the incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis was significantly more intensive than in previous years. However, the incidence of tuberculosis among contacts with bacterial excretion in tuberculosis foci increased 1.85 times in each year. The frequency of tuberculosis recurrences is steadily decreasing.
The prevalence and mortality from all forms of active tuberculosis among the entire population of Ukraine has a tendency similar to a decrease in morbidity.
The effectiveness of treatment of patients of all categories is proportional to the severity of the tuberculosis process, but still insufficient. Mortality in TB care institutions increased in the previous year against the decrease of this indicator in previous years. Against the background of the inaccessibility of the population to TB care, day hospitals are underused, and the sanatorium network needs to be reorganized. The surgical method of treatment of patients is extremely insufficiently realized.

Conclusions. The dispensary contingent of TB care institutions is decreasing every year. There is a reduction in the infrastructure of the TB care service, and in each year, the largest reduction was in the bed stock of TB care institutions and sanatoriums, as well as a decrease in the number of TB doctors.