Туберкульоз-асоційований синдром відновлення імунної системи у ВІЛ-інфікованих пацієнтів: сучасний стан проблеми
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30978/TB2021-1-87Ключові слова:
туберкульоз; ВІЛ-інфекція; синдром відновлення імунної системи; антиретровірусна терапіяАнотація
Туберкульоз-асоційований синдром відновлення імунної системи (ТБ-СВІС) — це посилена запальна імунна відповідь на антигени мікобактерій туберкульозу внаслідок відновлення імунної системи у ВІЛ-інфікованих пацієнтів упродовж 6 міс після призначення антиретровірусної терапії.
Мета роботи — оцінити частоту ТБ-СВІС серед хворих із туберкульозним менінгітом і летальність, спричинену цим синдромом.
Матеріали та методи. Проведений ретроспективний аналіз 60 випадків підтвердженого туберкульозного менінгіту у хворих, які лікувались у протитуберкульозних закладах м. Києва і Київської області у 2017—2019 р.р. Досліджувалась медична документація хворих: медичні карти стаціонарного хворого та амбулаторні картки.
Результати та обговорення. Ко-інфекція ВІЛ-ТБ серед пацієнтів була підтверджена у 57 (95 %) випадках. У 21 хворого (36,8 %; ДІ 24,7—50,0 %) з ко-інфекцією ВІЛ-ТБ встановлений зв’язок між призначенням антиретровірусної терапії (АРТ) і розвитком туберкульозного менінгіту. У 19 (90,5 %) з них були наявні фактори ризику на момент призначення АРТ. У 15 (71,4 %) хворих були інші локалізації туберкульозу, крім туберкульозу центральної нервової системи (туберкульоз легень, туберкульоз внутрішньогрудних лімфатичних вузлів, туберкульоз периферичних лімфатичних вузлів, туберкульоз сечостатевої системи). Середній рівень CD4+-лімфоцитів на момент призначення АРТ складав (61,6 ± ± 16,9) клітин/мкл (p ≤ 0,05). В усіх випадках призначались стандартні режими антимікобактеріальної терапії і АРТ. 9 (42,8 %) хворих вилікувались. У 1 (4,7 %) хворого розвилась тяжка інвалідизація: периферичний тетрапарез і виражена церебрастенія. 11 пацієнтів померли, летальність складала — 52,4 % (ДІ 30,2—74,1 %)
Висновки. За нашими даними ТБ-СВІС є причиною туберкульозного менінгіту у ВІЛ-інфікованих пацієнтів у 36,8 % випадків; (ДІ 24,7—50,0 %). Туберкульозний менінгіт завжди ускладнює прогноз при ТБ-СВІС, при цьому показник летальності складає 52,4 % (ДІ 30,2—74,1 %).
Посилання
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